Foundations of Nursing Research 7th Edition by Rose Marie Nieswiadomy, ISBN-13: 978-0134167213
[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly
- Publisher: ? Pearson; 7th edition (May 1, 2017)
- Language: ? English
- 432 pages
- ISBN-10: 013416721X
- ISBN-13: ? 978-0134167213
For use as a primary text in undergraduate nursing research courses. Clear, engaging writing sparks an interest in nursing research and evidence-based nursing.
Foundations of Nursing Research illuminates all steps of the nursing research process, helping readers understand the importance of research to evidence-based nursing practice, evaluate and critique research, and determine whether study findings are ready to apply in practice. Its conversational tone explains research simply and clearly. To illustrate specific aspects of the research process, extensive research study excerpts are interspersed throughout the book, including research performed outside the U.S. User-friendly learning features include chapter objectives, key terms, summaries, review questions, research links, and self-tests.
Table of Contents:
Foundations of Nursing Research
About the Author
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Features of the Book
Contents
Part I Introduction to Nursing Research
Chapter 1 Development of Nursing Research
Objectives
Importance of Research to Nursing
Definitions of Nursing Research
Sources of Nursing Knowledge
Scientific Research
Purposes of Nursing Research
Funding of Nursing Research
Goals for Conducting Nursing Research
Promote Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Ensure Credibility of the Nursing Profession
Provide Accountability for Nursing Practice
Document the Cost-Effectiveness of Nursing Care
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Nurses and Research
Roles of Nurses in Research
History of Nursing Research
National Institute of Nursing Research
The Cochrane Collaboration and the Cochrane Nursing Care Field
Research Priorities into the Future
National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses
Mental Health Nursing
Oncology Nursing Society
Institute of Emergency Nursing Research
Association of Community Health Nurse Educators
Research in Nursing Education
Future Strategies for Improved Healthcare Quality
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 2 Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Objectives
Defining Evidence-Based Practice
Why we use evidence-based practice
Research Utilization versus Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Benefits of EBP
Asking Clinical Questions
Sources for Evidence for Practice
The Cochrane Collaboration
The Cochrane Library
Cochrane Database
Cochrane Centers
Cochrane Nursing Care Field
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Evidence-Based Practice Centers
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
National Guideline Clearinghouse
National Quality Forum
Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Centers
Joanna Briggs Institute
ACE Center for Advancing Clinical Excellence
Sarah Cole Hirsh Institute
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 3 Research Evidence in Nursing Practice
Objectives
The Evolving Nature of Evidence-Based Practice
Models to Promote Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing
The Stetler Model
The Iowa Model
Discussion of Iowa Model Concepts
Leadership Responsibilities
Evaluation
Application
Implementation
Barriers Associated with EBP
Facilitators of Evidence-Based Practice
Application of the Iowa Model
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 4 Ethical Issues in Nursing Research
Objectives
Development of Ethical Codes and Guidelines
Historical Overview
Unethical Research in the United States
Ethical Research Guidelines
Founding Principles of Ethical Research
Institutional Review Boards
Members of Institutional Review Boards
IRB Review
Elements of Informed Consent
Description of Purpose of Study and Study Procedures
Description of Unforeseeable Risks
Description of Benefits
Disclosure of Appropriate Alternative Procedures
Description of Maintenance of Confidentiality or Anonymity
Plans for Unforeseeable Injuries
Contact Information for Questions Relevant to the Study
Assurance of Freedom to Volunteer for or Withdraw from the Study
Documentation of Informed Consent
Integrity in Research
Research Guidelines for Nurses
Nurse Researcher as a Patient Advocate
Critiquing the Ethical Aspects of a Study
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 5 An Overview of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Objectives
Introduction
Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Steps in Quantitative Research
Identify the Research Problem
Determine the Purpose of the Study
Formulate the Research Question
Review the Literature
Develop a Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Identify the Study Assumptions
Acknowledge the Limitations of the Study
Formulate the Hypothesis
Define the Study Variables/Terms
Select the Research Design
Identify the Population
Select the Sample
Conduct a Pilot Study
Collect the Data
Organize the Data for Analysis
Analyze the Data
Interpret the Findings
Communicate the Findings
Utilize the Findings
Qualitative Nursing Research
Types of Qualitative Research
Identify the Problem of the Study
State the Purpose
Select the Research Design
Review the Literature
Select the Sample
Gain Entry to the Research Site
Protect the Rights of Participants
Collect the Data
Analyze the Data
Interpret the Data
Communicate the Study Results
Utilize the Study Results
Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
Summary
Self-Test
References
Part II Preliminary Steps in the Research Process
Chapter 6 Identifying Nursing Research Problems
Objectives
Introduction
Sources of Nursing Research Problems
Personal Experiences
Literature Sources
Existing Theories
Previous Research
Research Problem Considerations
Ethical Issues
Significance to Nursing
Personal Motivation
Researcher Qualifications
Feasibility of Study
Time
Cost
Equipment and Supplies
Administrative Support
Peer Support
Availability of Subjects
Research Question Criteria
Written in Interrogative Sentence Form
Includes the Population
Includes the Variable(s)
One-Variable Studies
Two-Variable Studies
Multiple-Variable Studies
Empirically Testable
Research Question Format
Critiquing Problem Statements, Purpose Statements, and Research Questions
Problem Statement
Purpose Statement
Research Questions
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 7 Review of the Literature
Objectives
Introduction
Purposes of the Literature Review
Literature Sources
Types of Information Sources
Primary and Secondary Sources
Grey Literature
Search Strategies
Develop a Search Strategy
Decide on your search question
Question whether the topic needs to be more specific
Create a set of search terms or phrases
Decide if currency is important
Use options and limiters
Ask a Librarian
Finding Tools
Catalogs
Databases
Selected Databases for Nursing Students
CINAHL Databases
MEDLINE Databases
Cochrane Database of Systematic Review
Ovid Nursing database
PsychINFO
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database (PQDT)
Science Direct
Scopus
Search Engines
Writing the Literature Review
Extracting Information from Literature Sources
Critiquing the Literature Review in a Research Article
Components of a Literature Review
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 8 Theory and Nursing Research
Objectives
Introduction
Theory Terminology
Theory
Concept
Construct
Propositional Statements
Empirical Generalization
Hypothesis
Model
Conceptual Models
Paradigm and Metaparadigm
Types and Scope of Theories in Nursing Research
Paradigms and Metaparadigms
Nursing Conceptual Models
Orem’s Self-Care Model
Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings
Roy’s Adaptation Model
Neuman’s Systems Model
Middle-range and Practice Theories
Integrating Theory into Nursing Research
Theories from Nursing
Combining Two Nursing Theories
Theories from Other Disciplines
Combining Theories from Nursing and Other Disciplines
Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks
Theoretical Development, Testing, and Critique
Theory Generation and Development
Theory Testing in Nursing Research
Critiquing the Theoretical Framework of a Study
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 9 Hypotheses
Objectives
Introduction
Hypotheses Overview
Purposes of Hypotheses
Sources or Rationale for Hypotheses
Classifications of Hypotheses
Simple and Complex Hypotheses
Nondirectional and Directional Research Hypotheses
Causal and Associative Research Hypotheses
Null and Research Hypotheses
Developing Hypotheses
Hypothesis Format
Hypotheses and Theory Testing
Critiquing Hypotheses
Summary
Self-Test
References
Part III Research Designs
Chapter 10 Quantitative Research Designs
Objectives
Introduction
Exploratory, Descriptive, and Explanatory Studies
Research Designs
Experimental Research
Validity of Experimental Designs
Threats to Internal Validity
Selection Bias
History
Maturation
Testing
Instrumentation Change
Mortality
Threats to External Validity
Hawthorne Effect
Experimenter Effect
Reactive Effects of the Pretest
Symbolic Presentation of Research Designs
Types of Experimental Designs
True Experimental Designs
Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
Posttest-Only Control Group Design
Solomon Four-Group Design
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Nonequivalent Control Group Design
Time-Series Design
Pre-Experimental Designs
One-Shot Case Study
One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Nonexperimental Research
Types of Nonexperimental Designs
Survey Studies
Correlational Studies
Comparative Studies
Methodological Studies
Secondary Analysis Studies
Settings for Research
Critiquing Quantitative Research Designs
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 11 Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research Designs
Objectives
Introduction
Qualitative Research Designs
Phenomenology
Ethnographic Studies
Grounded Theory
Narrative Inquiry
Case Studies
Action Research Studies
Mixed Methods Research
Strategies for Mixed Methods Research
Summary
Self-Test
References
Part IV Obtaining Study Participants and Collection of Data
Chapter 12 Populations and Samples
Objectives
Introduction
Populations
Samples and Sampling
Probability Sampling Methods
Simple Random Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling
Cluster Random Sampling
Systematic Random Sampling
Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Convenience Sampling
Quota Sampling
Purposive Sampling
Time Frame for Studying the Sample
Sampling Concepts and Factors
Sample Size
Sampling Error and Sampling Bias
Randomization Procedures in Research
Critiquing the Sampling Procedure
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 13 Measurement and Data Collection
Objectives
Introduction
Measurement
Level of Measurement
Converting Data to a Lower Level of Measurement
Determining the Appropriate Level of Measurement
Data-Collection Process
Data-Collection Methods
Data-Collection Instruments
Use of Existing Instruments
Developing an Instrument
Pilot Studies
Criteria for Selection of a Data-Collection Instrument
Practicality of the Instrument
Reliability of the Instrument
Stability Reliability
Equivalence Reliability
Internal Consistency Reliability
Validity of the Instrument
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Construct Validity
Relationship between Reliability and Validity
Utilizing the Data
Sources of Error in Data Collection
Preparing Data for Analysis
Critiquing Data-Collection Procedures
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 14 Data-Collection Methods
Objectives
Introduction
Questionnaires
Overall Appearance of Questionnaire
Language and Reading Level of Questions
Length of Questionnaire and Questions
Wording of Questions
Types of Questions
Demographic Questions
Closed-Ended Questions
Open-Ended Questions
Contingency Questions
Filler Questions
Placement of Questions
Cover Letter
Completion Instructions
Distribution of Questionnaires
Factors Influencing Response Rates
Advantages of Questionnaires
Disadvantages of Questionnaires
Interviews
Types of Interviews
Interview Instruments
Interview Questions
Interviewer Training
Timing and Setting for Interviews
Interviewer Guidelines
Influence of Interviewers on Respondents
Advantages of Interviews
Disadvantages of Interviews
Observation Methods
Determining Behaviors to be Observed
Research Observers
Observation Procedures
Structured and Unstructured Observations
Event Sampling and Time Sampling
Relationship between Observer and Subjects
The Role of the Nurse versus the Researcher
Attitude Scales
Likert Scale
Semantic Differential Scales
Physiological and Psychological Measures
Psychological Tests
Personality Inventories
Projective Technique
Other Data-Collection Methods
Q Sort
Delphi Technique
Visual Analogue Scale
Preexisting Data
Critiquing Data-Collection Methods
Summary
Self-Test
References
Part V Data Analysis
Chapter 15 Descriptive Statistics
Objectives
Introduction
Key Concepts in Statistics
Statistical Symbols
Classifications of Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Measures to Condense Data
Frequency Distributions
Graphic Presentations
Bar Graph
Histogram
Frequency Polygon
Percentages
Measures of Central Tendency
Mode
Median
Mean
Measures of Variability
Range
Percentile
Standard Deviation
Variance
Z-Scores
Measures of Relationships
Correlation Coefficients
Scatter Plots
Contingency Tables
Types of Correlational Procedures
Pearson r
Spearman Rho
Correlational procedures for nominal data
Intraocular Method of Data Analysis
Critiquing Descriptive Statistics in Research Reports
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 16 Inferential Statistics
Objectives
Introduction
Purposes of Inferential Statistics
Estimating Population Parameters
Sampling Distribution of the Mean
Confidence Intervals
Testing Hypotheses
The Study Hypothesis
Choosing a Statistical Test
Level of Significance
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests
Calculating the Test Statistic
Comparing Calculated Value and Critical Value
Support for the Study Hypothesis
Factors Affecting Choice of Statistical Measures
Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Tests
Power of a Statistical Test
Type I and Type II Errors
Statistical Tests Used in Nursing Research
t Test
Analysis of Variance
Chi-Square
Testing the Significance of Correlation Coefficients
Advanced Statistical Tests
Critiquing Inferential Statistics in Research Reports
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 17 Presentation and Discussion of Study Findings
Objectives
Introduction
Presentation of Findings of the Study
Findings of the Study
Ethical Issues in Presenting Research Findings
Narrative Presentation of Findings
Tables
Figures
Discussion of Findings and Significance
Discussion of Study Hypotheses
Statistical and Clinical Significance
Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations
Conclusions
Implications
Recommendations
Replication of the Research Study
Consideration of Study Limitations in Future Research
Extensions of the Research Study
Critiquing the Presentation of Study Findings
Summary
Self-Test
References
Part VI Research Findings and Nursing Practice
Chapter 18 Communication and Utilization of Nursing Research
Objectives
Introduction
Communication of Nursing Research Findings
Preparing a Research Report
Presenting Research Results at Professional Conferences
Presenting a Research Paper
Presenting a Research Poster
Publishing a Journal Article
Preparing the Article
Selecting a Journal
Choosing Between Refereed and Nonrefereed Journals
Sending Query Letters
Reasons for Manuscript Rejection
Preparing Research Reports for Funding Agencies
Preparing Theses and Dissertations
Utilization of Nursing Research Findings
Additional Barriers to Nursing Research Utilization
Inadequate Dissemination of Research Findings
Findings are Not Ready for Use in Practice
Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice
WCHEN Project
CURN Project
Rogers’s Innovation-Diffusion Model
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 19 Nursing Research and Healthcare Economics
Objectives
Healthcare Economics and Nursing
Understanding Market Forces Affecting Nurses
Determining the Value of Nursing
The Dall Study
Nursing Research Cost-Effectiveness Studies
Telephonic Nursing Studies
Need For More Research Studies on Nursing Care
Impacts of Governmental Agencies and Related Organizations
Affordable Care Act
Regulatory Agencies
Public Health
Summary
Self-Test
References
Chapter 20 Critique of Research Reports
Objectives
Introduction
Critiquing Quantitative Research Reports
Researcher Qualifications
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Identifying the Problem
Purpose
Review of the Literature
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Assumptions
Limitations
Hypothesis(es)
Definition of Terms
Research Design
Setting
Population and Sample
Collection of Data
Data-Collection Instruments
Analysis of Data
Discussion of Findings
Conclusions
Implications
Recommendations
Other Considerations
Critiquing Qualitative Research Reports
Researcher Qualifications
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Problem of the Study
Purpose
Research Question
Research Design
Review of the Literature
Selection of Sample
Collection of Data
Analysis of Data
Interpretation of Data
Recommendations
Other Considerations
Summary
Self-Test
References
Self-Test Answers
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Appendix A Consent Form
Appendix B Critiquing Exercise
Glossary
Credits
Index
Catherine A. Bailey, PhD, RN, CNE is a registered nurse. She graduated from a diploma program in Germantown, Pennsylvania and received her BS, MS, and PhD from Texas Woman’s University (TWU) College of Nursing in Denton, Texas. She is an Associate Professor at Texas Woman’s University, College of Nursing in Dallas, Texas. Her primary interests are in nursing education, adult healthcare and research in nursing. She has taught undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students in the classroom, the simulation lab, and the clinical setting since 2001. She teaches research to master’s level graduate nursing students and she has chaired Professional Projects for Family Nurse Practitioner students. She also works with doctoral students who are seeking the degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice. She has published textbook chapters on the use of high-fidelity simulations for nursing students and case scenarios that are appropriate for simulation experiences. She has presented the findings from her studies in podium and poster presentations at METI HPSN Conferences and Sigma Theta Tau International Conferences as well as other regional and local venues.
Dr. Bailey has chaired the TWU Institutional Review Board for the Texas Woman’s University, Dallas Campus. She has worked as a research consultant for the Department of Veterans Affairs, VA North Texas Health Care System, Nursing Service, and participated in the planning of four biennial National Nursing Research conferences in Dallas, Texas. She is a past president of the Board of Directors for Sigma Theta Tau International, Beta Beta Chapter. She is an editorial review board member of the Journal of Theory Construction and Testing. She volunteers as a mentor of the Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice Council at the UT Southwestern Medical Center William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital. Dr. Bailey is also a member of the International Association of Clinical Simulation and Learning, the American Association of the Colleges of Nursing, the American Nurses Association and the Texas Nurses Association.
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