Chemistry for Engineering Students 4th Edition by Lawrence S. Brown, ISBN-13: 978-0357026991

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• Publisher: ‎ Cengage Learning; 4th edition (August 30, 2018)
• Language: ‎ English
• ‎612 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0357026993
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0357026991

Enhanced with new problems and applications, the Fourth Edition of CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS provides a concise, thorough, and relevant introduction to chemistry that prepares you for further study in any engineering field. Updated with new conceptual understanding questions and applications specifically geared toward engineering, the book emphasizes the connection between molecular properties and observable physical properties and the connections between chemistry and other subjects such as mathematics and physics.

Table of Contents:

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Student Introduction
Chapter 1. Introduction to Chemistry
1.1. INSIGHT: Critical Materials
1.2. The Study of Chemistry
The Macroscopic Perspective
The Microscopic or Particulate Perspective
Symbolic Representation
1.3. The Science of Chemistry: Observations, Models, and Systems
Observations in Science
Interpreting Observations
Models in Science
1.4. Numbers and Measurements in Chemistry
Units
Numbers and Significant Figures
1.5. Problem Solving in Chemistry and Engineering
Using Ratios
Ratios in Chemistry Calculations
Conceptual Chemistry Problems
Visualization in Chemistry
1.6. INSIGHT: Touchscreen Technology
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Critical Materials
Problems and Exercises: The Study of Chemistry
Problems and Exercises: Observations, Models, and Systems
Problems and Exercises: Numbers and Measurements
Problems and Exercises: Problem Solving in Chemistry and Engineering
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Touchscreen Technology
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Chapter 2. Atoms and Molecules
2.1. INSIGHT: Conducting Polymers
2.2. Atomic Structure and Mass
Fundamental Concepts of the Atom
Atomic Number and Mass Number
Isotopes
Atomic Symbols
Atomic Masses and Weights
2.3. Ions
Mathematical Description
Ions and Their Properties
2.4. Compounds and Chemical Bonds
Chemical Formulas
Chemical Bonding
2.5. The Periodic Table
Periods and Groups
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
2.6. Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry—Main Groups and Transition Metals
Organic Chemistry
Functional Groups
2.7. Chemical Nomenclature
Binary Systems
Naming Covalent Compounds
Naming Ionic Compounds
2.8. INSIGHT: Polyethylene
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Conducting Polymers
Problems and Exercises: Atomic Structure and Mass
Problems and Exercises: Ions
Problems and Exercises: Compounds and Chemical Bonds
Problems and Exercises: The Periodic Table
Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
Chemical Nomenclature
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Polyethylene
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Cumulative Problems
Chapter 3. Molecules, Moles, and Chemical Equations
3.1. INSIGHT: Biomass and Biofuel Engineering
3.2. Chemical Formulas and Equations
Writing Chemical Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations
3.3. Aqueous Solutions and Net Ionic Equations
Solutions, Solvents, and Solutes
Chemical Equations for Aqueous Reactions
Acid–Base Reactions
3.4. Interpreting Equations and the Mole
Interpreting Chemical Equations
Avogadro’s Number and the Mole
Determining Molar Mass
3.5. Calculations Using Moles and Molar Masses
Elemental Analysis: Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
Molarity
Dilution
3.6. INSIGHT: Carbon Sequestration
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Biomass and Biofuel Engineering
Problems and Exercises: Chemical Formulas and Equations
Problems and Exercises: Aqueous Solutions and Net Ionic Equations
Problems and Exercises: Interpreting Equations and the Mole
Problems and Exercises: Calculations Using Moles and Molar Masses
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Carbon Sequestration
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 4. Stoichiometry
4.1. INSIGHT: Gasoline and Other Fuels
4.2. Fundamentals of Stoichiometry
Obtaining Ratios from a Balanced Chemical Equation
4.3. Limiting Reactants
4.4. Theoretical and Percentage Yields
4.5. Solution Stoichiometry
4.6. INSIGHT: Alternative Fuels and Fuel Additives
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Gasoline and Other Fuels
Problems and Exercises: Fundamentals of Stoichiometry
Problems and Exercises: Limiting Reactants
Problems and Exercises: Theoretical and Percentage Yields
Problems and Exercises: Solution Stoichiometry
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Alternative Fuels and Fuel Additives
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 5. Gases
5.1. INSIGHT: Natural Gas Production
Properties of Gases
5.2. Pressure
Measuring Pressure
Units of Pressure
5.3. History and Application of the Gas Law
Units and the Ideal Gas Law
5.4. Partial Pressure
5.5. Stoichiometry of Reactions Involving Gases
STP Conditions
5.6. Kinetic–Molecular Theory and Ideal Versus Real Gases
Postulates of the Model
Real Gases and Limitations of the Kinetic Theory
Correcting the Ideal Gas Equation
5.7. INSIGHT: Gas Sensors
Capacitance Manometer
Thermocouple Gauge
Ionization Gauge
Mass Spectrometer
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Natural Gas Production
Problems and Exercises: Pressure
Problems and Exercises: The Gas Law
Problems and Exercises: Partial Pressure
Problems and Exercises: Stoichiometry with Gases
Problems and Exercises: Kinetic Theory and Real Gases
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Pressure Sensors
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 6. The Periodic Table and Atomic Structure
6.1. INSIGHT: Trace Analysis
6.2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Wave Nature of Light
The Particulate Nature of Light
6.3. Atomic Spectra
The Bohr Atom
6.4. The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
Potential Energy and Orbitals
Quantum Numbers
Visualizing Orbitals
6.5. The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Electron Configurations
Orbital Energies and Electron Configurations
Hund’s Rule and the Aufbau Principle
6.6. The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations
6.7. Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties
Atomic Size
Ionization Energy
Electron Affinity
6.8. INSIGHT: Modern Light Sources: LEDs and Lasers
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Trace Analysis
Problems and Exercises: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Problems and Exercises: Atomic Spectra
Problems and Exercises: The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
Problems and Exercises: The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Electron Configurations
Problems and Exercises: The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations
Problems and Exercises: Periodic Trends of Atomic Properties
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Modern Light Sources: LEDs and Lasers
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
7.1. INSIGHT: Materials for Biomedical Engineering
7.2. The Ionic Bond
Formation of Cations
Formation of Anions
7.3. The Covalent Bond
Chemical Bonds and Energy
Chemical Bonds and Reactions
Chemical Bonds and the Structure of Molecules
7.4. Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
Electronegativity
Bond Polarity
7.5. Keeping Track of Bonding: Lewis Structures
Resonance
7.6. Orbital Overlap and Chemical Bonding
7.7. Hybrid Orbitals
7.8. Shapes of Molecules
7.9. INSIGHT: Molecular-Scale Engineering for Drug Delivery
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Materials for Biomedical Engineering
Problems and Exercises: The Ionic Bond
Problems and Exercises: The Covalent Bond
Problems and Exercises: Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
Problems and Exercises: Keeping Track of Bonding: Lewis Structures
Problems and Exercises: Orbital Overlap and Chemical Bonding
Problems and Exercises: Hybrid Orbitals
Problems and Exercises: Shapes of Molecules
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Molecular Scale Engineering for Drug Delivery
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 8. Molecules and Materials
8.1. INSIGHT: Carbon
8.2. Condensed Phases—Solids
8.3. Bonding in Solids: Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors
Models of Metallic Bonding
Band Theory and Conductivity
Semiconductors
8.4. Intermolecular Forces
Forces Between Molecules
Dispersion Forces
Dipole–Dipole Forces
Hydrogen Bonding
8.5. Condensed Phases—Liquids
Vapor Pressure
Boiling Point
Surface Tension
8.6. Polymers
Addition Polymers
Condensation Polymers
Copolymers
Physical Properties
Polymers and Additives
8.7. INSIGHT: Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Carbon
Problems and Exercises: Condensed Phases—Solids
Problems and Exercises: Metals and Metallic Bonding
Problems and Exercises: Intermolecular Forces
Problems and Exercises: Condensed Phases—Liquids
Problems and Exercises: Polymers
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 9. Energy and Chemistry
9.1. INSIGHT: Energy Use and the World Economy
9.2. Defining Energy
Forms of Energy
Heat and Work
Energy Units
9.3. Energy Transformation and Conservation of Energy
Waste Energy
9.4. Heat Capacity and Calorimetry
Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
Calorimetry
9.5. Enthalpy
Defining Enthalpy
Δ H of Phase Changes
Vaporization and Electricity Production
Heat of Reaction
Bonds and Energy
Heats of Reaction for Some Specific Reactions
9.6. Hess’s Law and Heats of Reaction
Hess’s Law
Formation Reactions and Hess’s Law
9.7. Energy and Stoichiometry
Energy Density and Fuels
9.8. INSIGHT: Power Distribution and the Electrical Grid
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Energy Use and the World Economy
Problems and Exercises: Defining Energy
Problems and Exercises: Energy Transformation and Conservation of Energy
Problems and Exercises: Heat Capacity and Calorimetry
Problems and Exercises: Enthalpy
Problems and Exercises: Hess’s Law and Heats of Reaction
Problems and Exercises: Energy and Stoichiometry
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Power Distribution and the Electrical Grid
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 10. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
10.1. INSIGHT: Recycling of Plastics
10.2. Spontaneity
Nature’s Arrow
Spontaneous Processes
Enthalpy and Spontaneity
10.3. Entropy
Probability and Spontaneous Change
Definition of Entropy
Judging Entropy Changes in Processes
10.4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law
Implications and Applications
10.5. The Third Law of Thermodynamics
10.6. Gibbs Free Energy
Free Energy and Spontaneous Change
Free Energy and Work
10.7. Free Energy and Chemical Reactions
Implications of Δ G ° for a Reaction
10.8. INSIGHT: The Economics of Recycling
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Recycling of Plastics
Problems and Exercises: Spontaneity
Problems and Exercises: Entropy
Problems and Exercises: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Problems and Exercises: The Third Law of Thermodynamics
Problems and Exercises: Gibbs Free Energy
Problems and Exercises: Free Energy and Chemical Reactions
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: The Economics of Recycling
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 11. Chemical Kinetics
11.1. INSIGHT: Urban Air Pollution
11.2. Rates of Chemical Reactions
Concept of Rate and Rates of Reaction
Stoichiometry and Rate
Average Rate and Instantaneous Rate
11.3. Rate Laws and the Concentration Dependence of Rates
The Rate Law
Determination of the Rate Law
11.4. Integrated Rate Laws
Zero-Order Integrated Rate Law
First-Order Integrated Rate Law
Second-Order Integrated Rate Law
Half-Life
11.5. Temperature and Kinetics
Temperature Effects and Molecules That React
Arrhenius Behavior
11.6. Reaction Mechanisms
Elementary Steps and Reaction Mechanisms
Mechanisms and Rate: The Rate-Determining Step
11.7. Catalysis
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts
Molecular Perspective of Catalysis
Catalysis and Process Engineering
11.8. INSIGHT: Air Quality Monitoring
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Air Pollution
Problems and Exercises: Rates of Chemical Reactions
Problems and Exercises: Rate Laws and the Concentration Dependence of Rates
Problems and Exercises: Integrated Rate Laws
Problems and Exercises: Temperature and Kinetics
Problems and Exercises: Reaction Mechanisms
Problems and Exercises: Catalysis
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Air Quality Monitoring
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 12. Chemical Equilibrium
12.1. INSIGHT: Concrete Production and Weathering
12.2. Chemical Equilibrium
Forward and Reverse Reactions
Mathematical Relationships
12.3. Equilibrium Constants
The Equilibrium (Mass Action) Expression
Gas Phase Equilibria: K p vs. K c
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Equilibria
Numerical Importance of the Equilibrium Expression
Mathematical Manipulation of Equilibrium Constants
Reversing the Chemical Equation
Adjusting the Stoichiometry of the Chemical Reaction
Equilibrium Constants for a Series of Reactions
Units and the Equilibrium Constant
12.4. Equilibrium Concentrations
Equilibrium Concentrations from Initial Concentrations
Mathematical Techniques for Equilibrium Calculations
12.5. LeChatelier’s Principle
Effect of a Change in Concentration of Reactant or Product on Equilibrium
Effect of a Change in Pressure on Equilibrium When Gases Are Present
Effect of a Change in Temperature on Equilibrium
Effect of a Catalyst on Equilibrium
12.6. Solubility Equilibria
Solubility Product Constant
Defining the Solubility Product Constant
The Relationship Between K sp and Molar Solubility
Common Ion Effect
Reliability of Using Molar Concentrations
12.7. Acids and Bases
The Brønsted–Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
The Role of Water in the Brønsted–Lowry Theory
Weak Acids and Bases
Strong Acid–Strong Base Titrations
Weak Acid–Strong Base Titrations
12.8. Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium
Graphical Perspective
Free Energy and Nonstandard Conditions
12.9. INSIGHT: Bendable Concrete
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Concrete Production and Weathering
Problems and Exercises: Chemical Equilibrium
Problems and Exercises: Equilibrium Constants
Problems and Exercises: Equilibrium Concentrations
Problems and Exercises: LeChatelier’s Principle
Problems and Exercises: Solubility Equilibria
Problems and Exercises: Acids and Bases
Problems and Exercises: Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Bendable Concrete
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 13. Electrochemistry
13.1. INSIGHT: Corrosion
13.2. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions and Galvanic Cells
Oxidation–Reduction and Half-Reactions
Building a Galvanic Cell
Terminology for Galvanic Cells
Atomic Perspective on Galvanic Cells
Galvanic Corrosion and Uniform Corrosion
13.3. Cell Potentials
Measuring Cell Potential
Standard Reduction Potentials
Cathodic Protection
Nonstandard Conditions
13.4. Cell Potentials and Equilibrium
Cell Potentials and Free Energy
Equilibrium Constants
13.5. Batteries
Primary Cells
Secondary Cells
Fuel Cells
Limitations of Batteries
13.6. Electrolysis
Electrolysis and Polarity
Passive Electrolysis in Refining Aluminum
Active Electrolysis and Electroplating
13.7. Electrolysis and Stoichiometry
Current and Charge
Calculations Using Masses of Substances in Electrolysis
13.8. INSIGHT: Batteries in Engineering Design
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Corrosion
Problems and Exercises: Oxidation–Reduction Reactions and Galvanic Cells
Problems and Exercises: Cell Potentials
Problems and Exercises: Cell Potentials and Equilibrium
Problems and Exercises: Batteries
Problems and Exercises: Electrolysis
Problems and Exercises: Electrolysis and Stoichiometry
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Batteries in Engineering Design
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Problems and Exercises: Cumulative Problems
Chapter 14. Nuclear Chemistry
14.1. INSIGHT: Cosmic Rays and Carbon Dating
14.2. Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
Radioactive Decay
Alpha Decay
Beta Decay
Gamma Decay
Electron Capture
Positron Emission
14.3. Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
Radiocarbon Dating
14.4. Nuclear Stability
14.5. Energetics of Nuclear Reactions
Binding Energy
Magic Numbers and Nuclear Shells
14.6. Transmutation, Fission, and Fusion
Transmutation: Changing One Nucleus into Another
Fission
Nuclear Reactors
Nuclear Waste
Fusion
14.7. The Interaction of Radiation and Matter
Ionizing and Penetrating Power of Radiation
Methods of Detecting Radiation
Measuring Radiation Dose
14.8. INSIGHT: Modern Medical Imaging Methods
Focus on Problem Solving
Summary
Key Terms
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Cosmic Rays and Carbon Dating
Problems and Exercises: Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
Problems and Exercises: Radioactive Decay Rates
Problems and Exercises: Nuclear Stability
Problems and Exercises: Energetics of Nuclear Reactions
Problems and Exercises: Transmutation, Fission, and Fusion
Problems and Exercises: The Interaction of Radiation and Matter
Problems and Exercises: INSIGHT: Modern Medical Imaging
Problems and Exercises: Conceptual Problems
Problems and Exercises: Additional Problems
Problems and Exercises: Focus on Problem Solving Exercises
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H
Appendix I
Periodic Table and Other References

Lawrence S. Brown (Ph.D, Princeton University) is a Senior Lecturer and coordinator for the general chemistry for engineers course at Texas A&M University. He received his B.S. in 1981 from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and his M. A. in 1983 from Princeton University. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow from 1986-88 at the University of Chicago. His research activities include active learning and use of technology in education and integration of chemistry with other subjects in the engineering curriculum. His current efforts are in (i) continued development of the CHEM 107 curriculum, (ii) improving uses of technology in chemical education, and (iii) incorporation of active learning strategies into large classroom settings. These efforts are brought together with the Foundation Coalition, an NSF-supported effort to implement a new model for the education of engineering students. Larry also monitors the CHEM 107 course for Texas A&M’s campus in Qatar in the Middle East and has traveled there numerous times.

Tom Holme (Ph.D, Rice University) is a chemistry professor at Iowa State University and Director of the ACS Examinations Institute. He is active in both computational chemistry and chemical education research and has been involved with the general chemistry for engineers course at both Iowa State and the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Some of his recent publications include: “Designing Chemistry Practice Exams for Enhanced Benefits: An Instrument for Comparing Performance and Mental Effort Measures,” (Karen Knaus, Kristen Murphy and Thomas Holme), Journal of Chemical Education, 2009, in press; “Nanoscience Items for Standardized Exams in the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum” (Thomas Holme), in Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education: Issues, Trends and Future Directions, ed., A.E. Sweeny & S. Seal, American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, CA, 2008; and “Assessing Problem-solving Strategies in Chemistry Using the IMMEX System” in Proceedings of the National STEM Assessment Conference, eds. D. Deeds & B. Callen, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 2008.

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